第1章 初识AutoCAD 2010 ....................1
1.1 AutoCAD 2010功能概览 ............................2
1.1.1 绘制平面图形..................................2
1.1.2 绘制轴测图......................................2
1.1.3 绘制三维图形..................................3
1.1.4 注释和标注图形尺寸......................3
1.1.5 渲染图形..........................................4
1.1.6 输出图形..........................................5
1.1.7 图形审核..........................................5
1.2 AutoCAD 2010界面组成与环境配置 .......6
1.2.1 工作空间与界面的关系.................6
1.2.2 标题栏..............................................8
1.2.3 菜单栏与快捷菜单..........................8
1.2.4 工具栏............................................10
1.2.5 工具选项板....................................11
1.2.6 绘图窗口........................................12
1.2.7 命令行与文本窗口........................12
1.2.8 状态栏............................................13
1.2.9 环境配置........................................15
1.3 AutoCAD使用入门 ...................................18
1.3.1 命令与系统变量............................18
1.3.2 命令的停止、重复、放弃与
重做................................................19
1.3.3 透明命令........................................20
1.3.4 对象的选择与删除........................21
1.3.5 图形文件的创建、打开与关闭....22
1.3.6 设置绘图范围和绘图单位............25
1.3.7 使用帮助........................................27
1.4 习题............................................................27
第2章 基本图形和编辑命令的使用 ........29
2.1 样题示范....................................................30
2.2 样题分析....................................................31
2.3 图线绘制....................................................31
2.3.1 直线................................................31
2.3.2 圆....................................................33
2.3.3 圆弧................................................33
2.3.4 矩形................................................35
2.3.5 正多边形........................................36
2.3.6 椭圆................................................36
2.3.7 椭圆弧............................................36
2.3.8 多段线............................................37
2.3.9 样条曲线........................................38
2.3.10 点..................................................40
2.3.11 多线
..............................................41
2.4 面域和图案填充........................................44
2.4.1 面域................................................44
2.4.2 图案填充........................................46
2.5 图线编辑....................................................49
2.5.1 使用夹点编辑图线........................49
2.5.2 复制................................................50
2.5.3 移动................................................50
2.5.4 旋转................................................51
2.5.5 修剪................................................51
2.5.6 延伸................................................53
2.5.7 圆角................................................53
2.5.8 倒角................................................54
2.5.9 偏移................................................55
2.5.10 阵列..............................................56
2.5.11 镜像
..............................................57
2.5.12 缩放..............................................58
2.6 样题解答....................................................58
2.7 习题............................................................59
第3章 平面精确绘图与尺寸标注...........61
3.1 样题示范....................................................62
3.2 样题分析....................................................63
3.3 AutoCAD的坐标系
...................................63
3.3.1 笛卡儿坐标系和极坐标系............63
3.3.2 世界坐标系和用户坐标系............63
3.3.3 自定义用户坐标系........................64
3.3.4 绝对坐标和相对坐标....................64
3.3.5 控制坐标系图标的显示................65
3.4 栅格、捕捉、正交、对象捕捉和追踪 ...65
3.4.1 使用“栅格”................................65
3.4.2 捕捉................................................66
3.4.3 正交模式........................................67
3.4.4 极轴追踪........................................67
3.4.5 使用或关闭“动态输入”............68
3.5 设置文本样式............................................70
3.6 输入文本....................................................71
3.7 设置标注样式............................................73
3.7.1 “线”选项卡................................75
3.7.2 “符号和箭头”选项卡................76
3.7.3 “文字”选项卡............................77
3.7.4 “调整”选项卡............................78
3.7.5 “主单位”选项卡........................80
3.7.6 “换算单位”选项卡....................81
3.7.7 “公差”选项卡............................82
3.8 添加各种尺寸标注....................................83
3.8.1 线性标注........................................83
3.8.2 对齐标注........................................84
3.8.3 坐标标注........................................84
3.8.4 角度标注........................................85
3.8.5 半径标注........................................86
3.8.6 直径标注........................................86
3.8.7 折弯标注........................................87
3.8.8 弧长标注........................................87
3.8.9 圆心标记........................................87
3.9 标注注释与公差........................................88
3.9.1 多重引线标注................................88
3.9.2 标注形位公差................................89
3.9.3 标注尺寸公差................................92
3.10 快速标注方法.........................................93
3.10.1 基线标注
....................................93
3.10.2 连续标注
....................................94
3.10.3 快速标注
....................................94
3.10.4 快速引线
....................................95
3.11 编辑尺寸标注
..........................................95
3.11.1 调整标注间距
............................96
3.11.2 标注打断
....................................96
3.11.3 线性折弯标注
............................97
3.11.4 检验标注
....................................97
3.11.5 倾斜标注
....................................98
3.11.6 对齐标注文字
............................99
3.11.7 利用DDEDIT命令编辑尺寸
标注文本 ..................................99
3.11.8 利用“特性”面板编辑尺寸
标注 ........................................100
3.11.9 重新关联标注 ..........................100
3.12 样题解答................................................100
3.13 习题........................................................102
第4章 图层与块的应用 .................104
4.1 样题示范..................................................105
4.2 样题分析..................................................106
4.3 图层、颜色、线型和线宽......................106
4.3.1 图层特性管理器..........................106
4.3.2 将对象所在图层设置为当前
图层..............................................107
4.3.3 图层合并......................................107
4.3.4 图层匹配......................................107
4.3.5 上一个图层..................................108
4.3.6 图层关闭和打开..........................108
4.3.7 图层冻结和解冻..........................110
4.3.8 图层隔离和取消隔离..................110
4.3.9 图线线型和线宽的设置..............111
4.3.10 图线颜色的设置........................113
4.4 块的生成、使用和存储..........................114
4.4.1 创建块..........................................114
4.4.2 插入块..........................................115
4.4.3 存储块..........................................116
4.4.4 分解块..........................................117
4.4.5 插入系统内置块..........................117
4.4.6 插入文件中的块..........................118
4.5 块属性及其应用......................................119
4.5.1 定义块的属性..............................119
4.5.2 设置块的属性值..........................121
4.6 块的编辑和管理......................................121
4.6.1 管理块的线型、颜色和线宽......122
4.6.2 重新定义块..................................122
4.6.3 编辑块属性..................................123
4.6.4 删除块..........................................124
4.6.5 重命名块......................................124
4.7 动态块......................................................125
4.8 使用外部参照..........................................128
4.8.1 插入外部参照..............................128
4.8.2 管理外部参照..............................130
4.8.3 绑定外部参照..............................131
4.8.4 裁剪块和外部参照 .....................131
4.8.5 插入光栅图像..............................132
4.9 样题解答..................................................133
4.10 习题........................................................136
第5章 三维绘图与三维标注 ............138
5.1 样题示范..................................................139
5.2 样题分析..................................................139
5.3 三维绘图基础..........................................140
5.3.1 调整三维模型的显示样式..........140
5.3.2 如何调整视图的显示方向..........140
5.3.3 3D导航立方体
............................142
5.3.4 动态观察视图..............................142
5.3.5 消隐和重生成..............................142
5.3.6 调整曲面轮廓线显示..................143
5.4 三维坐标系..............................................143
5.4.1 三维空间定位点..........................143
5.4.2 世界坐标系（WCS）和用户
坐标系（UCS）
..........................145
5.4.3 自定义用户坐标系......................145
5.4.4 管理坐标系..................................146
5.5 绘制三维线条..........................................147
5.5.1 绘制三维多段线..........................147
5.5.2 绘制螺旋......................................147
5.6 创建基本实体..........................................148
5.6.1 长方体..........................................148
5.6.2 楔体..............................................148
5.6.3 多段体..........................................148
5.6.4 球体..............................................149
5.6.5 圆柱体..........................................149
5.6.6 圆锥体..........................................150
5.6.7 圆环体..........................................150
5.6.8 棱锥面..........................................150
5.7 利用平面图形创建实体..........................151
5.7.1 通过拉伸创建实体......................151
5.7.2 通过旋转创建实体......................152
5.7.3 通过扫掠创建实体......................153
5.7.4 通过放样创建实体......................153
5.7.5 通过按住并拖动创建实体..........155
5.8 绘制三维面..............................................156
5.8.1 绘制平面曲面..............................156
5.8.2 绘制二维填充网格......................156
5.8.3 绘制三维面..................................156
5.8.4 绘制三维网格..............................157
5.8.5 绘制旋转网格..............................157
5.8.6 绘制平移网格..............................158
5.8.7 绘制直纹网格..............................158
5.8.8 绘制边界网格..............................159
5.9 三维操作..................................................159
5.9.1 三维移动......................................159
5.9.2 三维旋转......................................160
5.9.3 三维对齐......................................160
5.9.4 三维镜像......................................161
5.9.5 三维阵列......................................161
5.10 编辑实体面............................................162
5.10.1 拉伸面
......................................162
5.10.2 移动面
......................................162
5.10.3 偏移面
......................................162
5.10.4 删除面
......................................163
5.10.5 旋转面
......................................163
5.10.6 复制面
......................................164
5.11 编辑实体
................................................164
5.11.1 倒角
..........................................164
5.11.2 倒圆角 ......................................165
5.11.3 实体抽壳
..................................166
5.12 实体的布尔运算....................................166
5.13 三维尺寸标注........................................167
5.14 渲染三维图形........................................167
5.15 样题解答................................................168
5.16 习题........................................................174
第6章 绘制机械零件图 ................177
6.1 样题示范..................................................178
6.2 样题分析..................................................179
6.3 机械零件图基础知识..............................179
6.3.1 零件图的组成..............................179
6.3.2 零件图的图层..............................180
6.3.3 零件图的字体..............................180
6.3.4 零件图的标注..............................181
6.4 机械零件图的表达方法..........................182
6.4.1 基本视图......................................182
6.4.2 剖视图..........................................183
6.4.3 断面图..........................................185
6.4.4 局部视图......................................187
6.5 典型零件图绘制要点..............................188
6.5.1 盘盖类零件..................................188
6.5.2 轴套类零件..................................188
6.5.3 叉架类零件..................................189
6.5.4 箱体类零件..................................190
6.6 绘制轴测图..............................................190
6.6.1 轴测图基础知识..........................190
6.6.2 设置轴测投影模式......................191
6.6.3 在轴测投影模式下绘图..............191
6.7 几何约束和标注约束..............................194
6.7.1 参数化绘图有何不同？..............194
6.7.2 何谓“约束” .............................196
6.7.3 大多数“约束”的添加方式
相同..............................................196
6.7.4 使用参数可以定义图形大小......198
6.7.5 约束或参数太乱时可以将其
隐藏..............................................198
6.8 样题解答..................................................199
6.9 习题..........................................................208
第7章 绘制机械装配图 ................ 211
7.1 样题示范..................................................212
7.2 样题分析..................................................214
7.3 装配图基础知识......................................214
7.4 装配图绘制要点......................................215
7.4.1 装配图绘制基本规定..................215
7.4.2 装配图的尺寸标注......................216
7.4.3 零部件序号和明细栏..................218
7.5 创建表格..................................................220
7.5.1 创建和修改表格样式..................220
7.5.2 创建表格并输入内容..................221
7.5.3 在表格中使用公式......................222
7.6 编辑表格..................................................224
7.6.1 选择表格与表单元......................224
7.6.2 编辑表格内容..............................224
7.6.3 调整表格行高与列宽..................224
7.6.4 插入、删除行与列......................226
7.6.5 表单元的合并与取消..................227
7.6.6 调整表格内容对齐方式..............228
7.6.7 调整表格边框..............................228
7.7 修订云线与区域覆盖..............................229
7.7.1 绘制修订云线..............................229
7.7.2 绘制区域覆盖..............................230
7.8 绘制图框..................................................231
7.9 绘制标题栏..............................................233
7.10 样题解答................................................234
7.11 习题
........................................................243
第8章 绘制建筑施工图 .................245
8.1 样题示范..................................................246
8.2 样题分析..................................................246
8.3 建筑制图流程..........................................247
8.3.1 方案设计......................................247
8.3.2 初步设计......................................248
8.3.3 施工图设计..................................248
8.4 建筑施工图的构成..................................249
8.4.1 平面图..........................................249
8.4.2 立面图..........................................250
8.4.3 剖面图..........................................250
8.4.4 大样图..........................................251
8.4.5 总图..............................................252
8.5 图线规定..................................................252
8.5.1 常用绘图比例..............................252
8.5.2 图幅..............................................253
8.5.3 标题栏和会签栏..........................254
8.5.4 线型要求......................................254
8.5.5 尺寸标注要求..............................255
8.5.6 文字说明......................................257
8.5.7 常用标志......................................258
8.5.8 常用建筑术语..............................262
8.6 轴号、标高和坡度符号..........................262
8.7 详图索引符号..........................................266
8.8 查询命令..................................................267
8.8.1 查询距离和面积..........................267
8.8.2 列表显示对象特性......................268
8.8.3 查询点坐标..................................269
8.8.4 查询时间与当前状态..................269
8.8.5 查询面域质量特性......................270
8.8.6 查询和设置变量..........................270
8.9 打印和打印设置......................................271
8.9.1 图纸打印输出的基本步骤..........271
8.9.2 “打印范围”的设置..................272
8.9.3 “打印比例”的设置..................273
8.9.4 “图纸方向”的设置..................274
8.9.5 “打印精度”的设置..................274
8.10 打印预览................................................275
8.11 打印输出
................................................276
8.12 样题解答................................................276
8.13 习题........................................................286
第9章 绘制建筑结构和设备施工图 .......289
9.1 样题示范..................................................290
9.2 样题分析..................................................290
9.3 结构施工图基础......................................292
9.3.1 结构施工图的内容与作用..........292
9.3.2 钢筋的等级..................................292
9.3.3 柱、梁和板中的主要钢筋构成 ...293
9.3.4 钢筋的分类..................................293
9.3.5 结构施工图画法规定..................297
9.4 给排水设计基础......................................300
9.4.1 给排水概述..................................300
9.4.2 建筑排水系统的组成..................301
9.4.3 给排水施工图的表示方法和
一般规定......................................303
9.4.4 给排水施工图绘制的基本原则 ...305
9.5 电气设计基础..........................................306
9.5.1 电气施工图的构成......................306
9.5.2 电气施工图的一般规定..............306
9.5.3 照明灯具及配电线路的标注
形式..............................................308
9.6 暖通设计基础..........................................310
9.6.1 采暖施工图基础..........................310
9.6.2 采暖施工图的一般规定..............311
9.6.3 暖通设计中的常见问题..............312
9.7 设置对象的次序......................................314
9.7.1 前置和后置..................................314
9.7.2 文字和标注前置..........................315
9.8 辅助功能..................................................315
9.8.1 使用计算器..................................315
9.8.2 清除图形......................................316
9.8.3 修复图形......................................316
9.9 层叠与平铺窗口......................................317
9.10 模型空间与图纸空间............................318
9.10.1 为什么要使用图纸空间 ..........318
9.10.2 模型空间与图纸空间的切换...320
9.10.3 视口
..........................................320
9.11 页面设置管理器
....................................321
9.12 使用图纸布局和打印样式....................322
9.12.1 使用系统内置布局样板 ..........322
9.12.2 创建自己的布局样板 ..............322
9.13 样题解答................................................323
9.14 习题........................................................332
第10章 AutoCAD综合实例
..............334
10.1 钻模板零件和装配图纸的绘制............335
10.1.1 绘制“零件”图块 ..................335
10.1.2 定位“装配图” ......................338
10.1.3 标注“装配图” ......................340
10.1.4 绘制“图框”、“标题栏”
和“零件明细表” ..................341
10.2 框架结构房屋建筑施工图的绘制........343
10.2.1 设置绘图环境 ..........................343
10.2.2 绘制轴线
..................................350
10.2.3 绘制外墙
..................................354
10.2.4 绘制内墙
..................................359
10.2.5 添加柱子
..................................365
10.2.6 绘制窗户
..................................368
10.2.7 绘制门
......................................370
10.2.8 绘制楼梯
..................................371
10.2.9 绘制栏杆
..................................372
10.2.10 添加图块
................................372
10.2.11 标注尺寸 ................................373
10.2.12 标注轴号
................................375
10.2.13 标注标高
................................380
10.2.14 标注详图索引 ........................381
10.2.15 标注文本
................................382
10.2.16 插入图框 ................................382
10.2.17 打印输出
................................382
附录
习题答案 .........................396